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The final draft of Answer to History was completed by the Shah just days before he died on July 27, 1980. Completing it was, in the Shah's words, "a race against time." In it, he shows how the United States, once the most powerful country on earth, found itself hostage to the whims of Iran, a land few Americans knew much about. In telling his own story, the Shah shows clearly that Iran has become a battleground between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, which for over half a century has pursued goals with increasing success. In the "slide into chaos" precipitated by the Khomeini regime, the Shah saw the ultimate beneficiary being the U.S.S. R., which will reach the apogee of its strength no later than 1983, with the West facing "a decade of harrowing danger." Answer to History begins with what really happened during the Shah's period of exile in the Bahamas, Mexico, the U.S., Panama, and finally Egypt. It goes on to cover all of the momentous experiences of the Shah's reign, a book full of heroes and villains, with many surprises for the American reader as to who the villains really were and are. The Shah discloses backstage developments in today's politics of oil... The Shah show how the interplay between the Black and the Red - the 14th-century clergy and the Tudeh Party loyal to the Soviets - blocked for their own purposes his proudest achievements: the White Revolution in which the Shah introduced land reform, worked toward the liberation of women, and raised the standard of living of his people, providing disparate ethnic groups with pride in the 2,500 year-old culture of Persia. When the enemies of his reign took to the streets, the Shah felt the he reacted not too strongly, but not strongly enough.... In his Answer to History he reveals the forces that betrayed him, and left the U.S. without an economically and militarily strong ally in a critical part of the world. --- excerpts from book's dustjacket
- Sales Rank: #648459 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Stein Day Pub
- Published on: 1980-09
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.10 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 204 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Language Notes
Text: English, French (translation)
Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
A tragedy that so few people will ever read this side of the story.
By Alex Sheibani
It's now 2009 now and after 30 years Iranians still have no clue what they did. A little heart felt wisdom would have really helped them so much. After reading this book and speaking with many Iranians today, I think they should become educated regarding the definition of words. Dictator would be the first word I would encourage every person to learn the meaning of.
Dictators don't make their decisions based on the advice of the consensus of their team like the shah did, they aren't primarily focused on increasing the freedom of those they serve like the shah did (according to Aristotle they serve their own good only), so they would not be paying for the living expenses and university education of over 100,000 Iranians that studied in the US and Europe. Dictators are not people who center their entire lives on helping people have the possibility to enhance their lives for example by growing the Iranian economy to 5 times that of Turkeys in 1979 (unlike today where it is only 40% the size of Turkeys after 3 trillion dollars in Oil Revenue).
Dictators build 100,000 square feet palaces for themselves. Saddam built over 20 in just 30 years and the shah didn't even build one. I guess between building mines, steel mills, hospitals, public courts and schools he realized the people he love needed freedom more than he needed a palace.
Instead of debating amongst each other, when Iranians realize what a dictator is and is not, their comments will make more sense and not be based on ignorance but based on wisdom.
Maybe they would then figure out why the media invented the label of dictator for the shah as well as others like a megalomaniac, a villain, a crook. The west used ignorant, uneducated, naive masses to humiliate the shah because they were against the freedom he had brought to Iran. The West purposely betrayed the Shah and his country.
His democratic friends worshiped money more than democracy or humanities spiritual journey as you can see from the results of betraying the shah. To think the USA wouldn't even supply the shah with tear gas or plastic bullets or any equipment to peacefully stop demonstrations on the one hand and then used their own media and other tools of soft power to topple the shah by inflaming Iranians about crimes that never existed. Shame on America. Shame on Carter. What disgraceful values America upholds. After what they have also done to Palestine, Afghanistan and Iraq recently is it any wonder Americans are so disrespected globally today.
21 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
THE SHAH'S VISION FOR IRAN
By A Customer
This book was dictated by the Shah when he was already dying of cancer. It is, therefore, not surprising that it comes across as choppy, uneven and, at times, even confusing. But , once one learns how to set its defects aside, theShah's book provides many keys to his complex mind.
Here is a man with a vision for " a great civilisation" in a country that has justly been hailed as the birthplace of some of the world's greatest cultures. Whether one shares that vision or not is a different matter. In 1978-79 sufficient numbers of Iranians, though not a majority,rejected that vision and, instead, opted for an " Islamic" model promoted by the mullahs.
The Shah's vision is now past history.There is no way that present-day Iran can become one of the world's five major powers as the Shah had dreamed.
The Shah's " Answer to History" is best appreciated if read in conjunction with some of the biographies evoted to him in recent years. I recommend three of them: William Shawcross's " The Shah's Last Ride" which is the best in covering the fallen monarchs last few months of life in exile, Amir Taheri's critical but sympathetic " The Unknown Life of the Shah", and Marvin Zonis's " Majestic Failure" whcih reads like a Western indictment of the late monarch but , unintentionally perhaps, also reveals his gratness.
James Malone, Canberra, Australia
9 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
critical look at the Shahs reforms
By Seth J. Frantzman
The Shah of Iran is one of the least understood of the leaders of the 20th century. He made three fatal errors. He ordered his troops to rip the veils off women in order to force modernity upon the radical Muslims of Iran. He dealt with Israel with brought him the hatred of the Mullahs. Lastly he tried to emphasize a pre-Islamic past, a Persia where the capital was Persepolis. This went against the Islamic nature of erasing anything historical that comes before Islam. Thus the Shah drew the ire of the radical Muslims of Iran and he was ousted from power.
This book details his ideas and his efforts. He speaks openly about his anti-communism(the only thing he shared with the Mullahs) and about his military build up, trying to make Iran a world power. He speaks about his ideas of combining moderate Islam with a secular government. He speaks about the influence that Ataturk and Nasser had on him. He speaks about how he gave woment he right to vote and did not have a polygamous marriage.
This is an interesting book. Obviously it tells the Shahs story from his point of view, but his point of view is something we are to often deprived of in the West. In our time the Shah has been vilified as a ruthless leader who used American money to suppress his people. The reality, as he articulates, is that the radical Muslims created a far worse dictatorship where secret trials, execution and worse religious persecution were rampant. Iran might not have been perfect under the Shah but at least women could go to school, at least women could shake the hand of an `unrelated man' and at least dancing and beauty parlors were'nt illegal. An important book in light of the current opposition to Irans Muslim dictatorship.
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